Essays Comparing Poems

Articles Comparing Poems Articles Comparing Poems The understudies ought to in any event know a few instances of the advanced verse, which can be useful for additional training of individuals. The cutting edge and accomplished individual ought to know about various information and in various circles of people life. Starting here of view, the individual should better compose expositions contrasting sonnets, as for this situation not just some poetical perspectives might be considered yet additionally understudies composing aptitudes on either theme. The paper correlation is of extraordinary assistance while assessing the degree of either article and understudies ought to know about it and prepared to destroy the slip-ups in the following sort of composed errand: Article looking at sonnets: potential mix-ups and challenges! When composing article looking at sonnets, the individual ought to comprehend the primary subject of both or a few sonnets under investigation and be certain that the current procedure will be useful for them. As such, the people chipping away at this undertaking ought to comprehend the genuine idea of either point and make certain to trade the material and be prepared to analyze the two sonnets that are significant for them. With respect to the missteps and difficulties in the current procedure, individuals ought to likewise consider some of them, all things being equal very hard to track down a portion of the sonnets required for the best possible investigation, moreover, the instructors can give some troublesome sonnets for examination and not that simple for comprehension by understudies. Exposition contrasting sonnets: are understudies prepared for this errand? At the point when the understudies are given the undertaking to compose expositions contrasting sonnets, they promptly look on the subject and on the sonnets under investigation, as this is very vital for them for this situation and this is the key component of the entire assignment. The article examination might be very useful for the procedure of inspiration among understudies and furthermore for the entire procedure of composing an exposition on either point. An individual is allowed to pick the sonnets, as for this situation the individual is allowed to analyze the sonnets they like and see the vast majority of all, however on the other case there are timeframes when the educator pick them for understudies and there is no other decision. Understudies ought not just pick the sonnets, which are intriguing and have a similar subject, this encourages the way toward composing and furthermore makes it simpler for understudies to look at the assignments, Additionally, the papers contrasting sonnets are troublesome with actualize if the individual doesn't know probably some data concerning the verse, so it is prudent while having this undertaking the individual ought to plan for it appropriately. Analyze sonnets and refine your beautiful taste! The papers looking at sonnets are very useful for individuals, as for this situation they not just give the best possible usage of the undertaking joined with the verse and building up the understudies graceful taste, yet in addition the composing abilities of individuals. Peruse moreover: Research paper on Cholesterol and Lipids Research paper 15 Pages Non-Plagiarized Term Papers Islamic Religion Term Paper Step by step instructions to Write a Term Paper

Including all Learners in the Classroom Enviroment Free Essays

string(208) found through instructive achievement, it is of import to recognize that they mean a child ‘s ain â€Å" individual achievement † and, perhaps, will non ever be National Curriculum attainments. The issue of the incorporation of children with specific instructive requests ( SEN ) into standard schools, endeavors and specialists strategies has become non only an advanced political request about the best way to run the guidance framework ( MacBeath, 2006 ) , however is for a few, other than a contention on cultural justness ( Conner and Ferri, 2007 ) . Rachael Hurst, undertaking supervisor of Disability Awareness in real life, feels that existent equity in the guidance framework will simply be accomplished when each child with a disablement or specific instructive interest has the option to all standard tutoring ( Inham, 2000 ) . So also, Oliver ( 1996 ) contends that in being denied dish to a similar course of study and undertakings as every other person, the instructive odds of children with SEN will remain restricted. We will compose a custom exposition test on Remembering all Learners for the Classroom Enviroment or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The meaning of SEN is marginally characterized In the Particular Educational Needs Code of Practice ( DfES, 2001a ) . It states on the one manus, that ‘there are no troublesome and quick classs of specific instructive interest ‘ , that ‘every kid is separated from everyone else ‘ and that ‘there is an expansive range of specific instructive requests that are regularly between related ‘ ( DfES, 2001a, Section 52 ) . Farrel ( 2003 ) high spots these as of import focuses when trying to flexibly for any child with an additional interest, or so any child in your consideration. On the different manus, it other than states that ‘there are explicit requests that regularly identify with impossible to miss kinds of harm ‘ , and that ‘individual understudies may hold requests which range at least two nations ‘ , in any case, the ‘needs and requests can conveniently be sorted out into nations ‘ ( DfES, 2001a, Section 53 ) . These incorporate imparting, information, conduct, and tangible. It ought to be noted, in any case, that it is as often as possible the case that all children, regardless of the SEN explanation, could suffer in at least one of these nations, and it is acceptable example to cognize how to cover with these nations to support all children. ( King-burns, 2008 ) . Contemporary specialists arrangement has attempted to take answerability and demonstrate genuineness to this theme through rule law ( Warnock, 1978, Act on Children with Special Educational Needs, 1981, 2001. Instruction Reform Act, 1988 and the Education Bill, 1992 ) . The SEN codification of example, among different ventures, was acquainted with look for and ensure that any child, independent of interest, could hold their guidance accommodated in a standard school ( DfES, 2001a ) , and should hold the mediation of any understudy concerning dish and achievement ( DfEE, 1999, DfES, 2001a, B, 2003, 2004, 2006, DoH, 2001 ) . Conceivable future specialists arrangement other than demonstrates an interest to continue bring forthing adequate projects to let all children, regardless of interest, to go to standard schools and accomplish as well as could be expected, with a â€Å" reappraisal of SEN stipulation † perchance required ( Alexander, 2009, DCSF, 2009 ) . Both Mitchell ( 2005 ) and MacBeath ( 2006 ) are reproachful of whether it is truly ever conceivable to be to the full comprehensive, and recommend that there are a few boundaries, to make with society and clinical issues, that simply can non be expelled. Burr ( 2003 ) proposes that these sole obstructions are established in the cultural marvels of our human advancement, and it is this that forms into cultural settings, shortening dish to minorities. This is also called social-constructionism. Burr proceeds to suggest that, in the occurrence of extra and complex requests, we have a cultural setting into which we place kids ‘s conditions and conduct, and it is this that chooses what a child is or is non prepared to do, in â€Å" our † standard society, this is also called inside pieces ( Fromm, 2001 ) . It is, henceforth of import to question this conduct as it is simply ever an immediate reaction to the situation wherein we get ourselves. We have to take kids ‘s conduct on an individual balance, and non let ourselves to bring down their conduct to a word that will delineate them, whatever their conduct ( Abrams et al, 2005, Young, 2008, Bearne, 1996 ) . Hardey ( 1998 ) and Makin ( 1995 ) expand this point by inquisitive: who chooses what an extra or complex interest is? The idea of whether a child is useful or non is setting subordinate. Professionals can regularly succumb to learning kids with â€Å" legitimate showing strategy † for a â€Å" basic † class. Be that as it may, any child who can't larn â€Å" for the most part † in those conditions is viewed as incapacitated, in great example or through cultural setting, this may ne’er be the occurrence. It is, thus, contended that disablement is a guide of nature where children are obliged to larn, also called â€Å" the cultural hypothetical record of disablement † . It is dependent upon the teacher to hinder down the hindrances that oblige kids ‘s commitment, in the event that we can non ever intrude on them for the demonstration of larning itself ( Ainscow, 1999, Rose et Al, 1993, Sebba et Al, 1994 ) . It is non simply sociological elements which should be tended to, there are other than the mental hypotheses of naming, life openings ( Meighau A ; Harber, 2007 Norwich A ; Kelly, 2004 ) and the bringing down of instructive standpoints ( Hayes, 2004 ) . â€Å" Students will in general execute each piece great, or each piece seriously as their educators or society anticipates that them should. † ( Meighau A ; Harber, 2007 p.367 ) This can be imparted to them frequently in unwilled or oblivious manners, also called â€Å" unavoidable anticipation † which will harm a child ‘s self-idea. This calls for educators to be discerning while using SEN proclamation marks, or somewhere in the vicinity, any variant conduct by a child, as a sentiment to their securing or natural requests. Professionals can use their sentiments and examinations of an individual being named as an attendant, yet ought to ever gain to cognize their researchers and pull their ain choices about their requests ( Bearne, 1996, Meighau A ; Harber, 2007, Cheminais, 2007 ) . Hayes ( 2004 ) , Ainscow ( 1999 ) and Cheminais ( 2007 ) all topographic point significance on non using the extra or complex requests of children as a vindication to bring down instructive standpoints. Hayes recommends that self-pride is to be found through instructive achievement, it is of import to recognize that they mean a child ‘s ain â€Å" individual achievement † and, potentially, will non ever be National Curriculum accomplishments. You read Remembering all Learners for the Classroom Enviroment in classification Article models The recommendation is the idea of â€Å" esteem included † being presented ( Hayes, 2004, Alexander, 2009 ) . Hayes recommends this is just conceivable through looking to confine boundaries to larning ( as restoratively accomplishable ) , by hindering down each piece numerous potential obstructions to commitment, also called holding equivalent worth for researchers ( Rogers, 1983 ) . There other than should be a â€Å" positive an d unconditioned regard † for all researchers ( Hayes, 2004, p134, Griddens, 1998 ) . Ecclestone ( 2003 ) and Bearne ( 1996 ) recommend that educators need to hold the viewpoint to do it unsuitable to use boundaries to commitment as a plausible excuse for a child to be not able to partake in an action, change it so they can make it ( Nind et Al, 2005 ) ! The course of these obstructions to commitment can be supported by three hypothetical examples. One, being the essential develop of cognizing your researchers ‘ ( Norwich A ; Kelly, 2004, Nind et Al, 2005 ) differentiation of the course of study to oblige everybody ( King-singes, 2008, Bearne, 1999, McNamara A ; Moreton, 1997 ) and, two, adequate summative and developmental examination, educating future example. Ruler burns ( 2008 ) truly expresses that â€Å" a variety of versatile training techniques are solid for understudies with and without disablements † ( 2008, p55 ) . Research has demonstrated that the general guidance course of study, with help from differentiation, can ensure that all researchers be instructed effectively ( Cole, 2005 ) . Rose and Meyer ( 2000a, B ) propose the endeavor of â€Å" cosmopolitan structure securing † . These are procedures dependent on three classs, premier, how the securing is spoken to the children ( for delineation visual or haptic strategies ) , furthermore, the acquiescence to the way that children participate in larning exercises in shifted ways, and thirdly, the basic truth that children may wish to show their obtaining in various manners ( spoken, drawn or composed ) . On the off chance that this perfect can be utilized in simultaneousness with Nind et Al ‘s ( 2005 ) procedure of arranging, learning and estimating extra instructive requests, with related instructing strategies to cover the announced requests, so this will, non simply hinder down the boundaries to commitment for children of SEN, however will other than help all researchers ( Solity and Bull, 1987 ) . These two examples will aid the arrangement of future learning through the two kinds of evaluation. Norwich A ; Kelly ( 2004 ) offer declaration to the occurrence of self-evaluation non being totally for standard understudies, all children have basic feelings on how they see their procurement taking topographic point, and this data ought to ever advise your in the future example and showing technique ( Bearne. 1999 ) . The SEN codification of example ( 2001a ) recommends the use of Individual Education Plans ( IEPs ) when covering with extra and comple

How to boost your academic potential in 4 steps

How to boost your academic potential in 4 steps How to boost your academic potential in 4 steps? Home›Tips for Students›How to boost your academic potential in 4 steps? Tips for StudentsThe pursuit of academic excellence is not a bad of roses and that is the reason why many students give up studying with the idea that intellectual development is not what they are able to successfully deal with. However, this is not always true. Very often it is enough simply to change some of your habits and find learning techniques that best suit you. Qualitycustomessays.com is going to give you some hints on how to do your best as a student:Get organized. Regardless of the kind of a planner you use (either a printed calendar or an online task management service), it is important to schedule all your things-to-do in a way to make the best use of your precious time. It is important to remember that the main purpose of every schedule is to prioritize tasks based on their importance. Note also that some of them are able to change their value, s o learn to adapt your schedule accordingly.Create your ideal learning environment. Whether it is some quiet and well lit room or some other place to distance yourself from all possible distractions, it is important to find a perfect place to stimulate your intellectual growth, for example, in order to work on your academic writing assignment. If to speak about time, be 100% committed to the subject you are studying, but remember the importance of making breaks once in a while. Make sure you devote all your intellectual resources to one issue at a time.Balance studying and other commitments. Contrary to stereotypes about bookworms, the most successful students excel both in classroom as well as in other spheres of life. For example, getting acquainted with your classmates may be as important as getting prepared for your next exam. This will allow you not only to change the scenery a bit, but also to borrow some new learning techniques from your peers. By the way, why not to organize a study group? Those meetings are based on the need as well as driven by the purpose to ace the subject.Last, but not the least important factor to influence your academic potential is to avoid undertaking too much work or too many tasks. Dont take on too much, or you wont be able to do any of it well. If to speak about academic writing, our highly qualified writers always will be of great help for you with your assignments! Benefit from cooperation with us and boost your academic potential!

Heathcliff And Catherines Love As Obsessive Love In...

Is there such a thing as obsessive love, making it unhealthy to love someone excessively? There is not anything like â€Å"too much love† for someone else, nevertheless, occasionally it is blown out of proportion. The notion that love remains solely expressed by one half, gives a desire to fight for someone that cannot display the same feelings under certain circumstances. In the novel written by Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights, â€Å"obsessive† love stands apparent in the story. The sense of heartbreak can trigger an ample amount of distress to an individual who is obsessively in love with someone. Accordingly, love causing distress can quite easily bring out the worst of an individual as evident in Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff and Catherine’s†¦show more content†¦In addition, remaining persistent taking over everything that belongs to Edgar. Heathcliff throughout the novel exemplified that for him, revenge was an extensively more influential emotion th an love. Ultimately, leads to why Heathcliff does not forgive Catherine for marrying Edgar. Although he does make it known that he loves Catherine and desires to be with her, he seems to show no remorse constantly attempting to ruin the life of her daughter; Cathy. Heathcliff is viewed a villainous figure as a result of his obsession with revenge, becoming more violent as the plot progresses. Frequently, Heathcliff comes across as a very violent character, uttering various threats and his violent acts. He illustrates that he lacks pity and sympathy when he hangs his wife and Isabella’s dog; thus, demonstrating one of his violent acts and validating the aspect of him as a villainous figure. Although Heathcliff basically engages in war among the two households, he would never harm Catherine as his love for her is immense. His love for Catherine reveals that he does truly have a sympathetic side in the mist of his villainous figure. Although characterized as a violent individual, Heathcliff’s love for Catherine exemplifies a lot of aspects of sympathy. The sorrow he was faced with when he overheard Catherine said that marrying him would degrade her, ultimately resulting in hisShow MoreRelated The Power of Love in Wuthering Heights Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesWuthering Heights is a novel which deviates from the standard of Victorian literature. The novels of the Victorian Era were often works of social criticism. They generally had a moral purpose and promoted ideals of love and brotherhood. Wuthering Heights is more of a Victorian Gothic novel; it contains passion, violence, and supernatural elements (Mitchell 119). The world of Wuthering Heights seems to be a world without morals. In Wuthering Heights, Brontà « does not idealize love; she presents itRead MoreThe Setting of Wuthering Heights Essay681 Words   |  3 PagesWuthering Heights is a novel of passion, revenge, and the destructiveness of a love that is too fierce. The book takes place in the Yorkshire moors in New England in the late 18th century. Emily Brontà «, the author of the tale, makes great use of the story’s Gothic landscape and setting to draw into her story and complement its ongoing themes. The book divides its plot between the wild farmhouse, Wuthering Heights, and the cleanly kept mansion, Thrushcross Grange. Catherine Earnshaw and HeathcliffRead More Catherine and Heathcliffs Passion in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte1088 Words   |  5 PagesDestruction in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† In the novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights†, by Emily Bronte, Catherine and Heathcliff’s passion for one another is the center of the story. Catherine appears to struggle with her choices in love displaying immaturity in how she sees the love between herself and Heathcliff. Heathcliff’s love for Catherine is more of a true love, however, â€Å"true love† soon turns into an obsession that leads him to madness and, eventually, his death. Catherine actually detested Heathcliff when theyRead More Distortions and Exaggerations in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1031 Words   |  5 PagesWuthering Heights:  Ã‚   Distortions and Exaggerations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heathcliff cried vehemently, I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! Emily Brontà « distorts many common elements in Wuthering Heights  Ã‚   to enhance the quality of her book. One of the distortions is Heathcliffs undying love for Catherine Earnshaw. Also, Brontà « perverts the vindictive hatred that fills and runs Heathcliffs life after he loses Catherine. Finally, she prolongs death, making it even more distressingRead MoreAnalyse Bronte’s Presentation of Love in the Novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Focusing Specifically on Chapters One to Sixteen1605 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse Bronte’s Presentation of Love in the Novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Focusing Specifically on Chapters One to Sixteen The gothic novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights† narrates the story of love and passion between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw. Love is one of the main themes that the novel basis’s around, and how this opposed passion between the two main characters ultimately demolishes themselves and all that are around them. Here we are shown the extremities of theRead More Remoteness and Loneliness in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte2220 Words   |  9 PagesRemoteness and Loneliness in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Emily Bronte loved nature and spent most of her childhood on the remote Yorkshire Moors near her home in Haworth. Emily found that the Moors were a place of peace and sanctuary where she could retreat to relax and follow one of her most favourite past times, which was writing. However she knew that in a matter of seconds the Moors could change into a wild and savage wilderness. Emily chose this ever-changing setting for herRead More Importance of Setting in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pages Wuthering Heights:nbsp; The Importance of Settingnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Love is a strong attachment between two lovers and revenge is a strong conflict between two rivals. In the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte uses setting to establish contrast, to intensify conflict, and to develop character. The people and events of Wuthering Heights share a dramatic conflict. Thus, Bronte focuses on the evil eye of Heathcliffs obsessive and perpetual love with Catherine, andRead MoreThe Obsessive Nature Of The Love Felt By Othello, By William Shakespeare2617 Words   |  11 Pagesa barrier for ‘love’ – whether it be religiously, culturally or evolutionary. Firstly, it is difficult to identify the obsessive nature of the love felt by Othello, at the beginning of William Shakespeare’s Othello, as his love towards Desdemona could be interpreted as ‘agape’ or certainly be seen as unconditional since the couplet persistently demonstrate a meaningful, more philosophical love towards one another. When used by Christians as a way to express their unconditional love of God, the termRead MoreSetting Analysis and Symbolism of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte734 Words   |  3 PagesSetting Analysis and Symbolism of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte In Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte uses the setting of the English Moors, a setting she is familiar with, to place two manors, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The first symbolizes mans dark side while the latter symbolizes an artificial utopia. This 19th century setting allows the reader to see the destructive nature of love when one loves the wrong person. The manor Wuthering Heights is described as dark and demonicRead MoreMotiffs in The Novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte852 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights Theme Essay In the gothic novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, the author hides motifs within the story.The novel contains two major love stories;The wild love of Catherine, and Heathcliff juxtaposing the serene love of Cathy,and Hareton. Catherine’s and Heathcliffs love is the center of Emily Bronte’s novel ,which readers still to this day seem to remember.The characters passion, and obsession for each other seems to not have been enough ,since their love didnt get to thrive

Wave-Particle Duality Definition

Wave-particle duality describes the properties of photons and subatomic particles to exhibit properties of both waves and particles. Wave-particle duality is an important part of quantum mechanics  as it offers a way to explain why concepts of wave and particle, which work in classical mechanics, dont cover the behavior of quantum objects. The dual nature of light gained acceptance after 1905, when Albert Einstein described light in terms of photons, which exhibited properties of particles, and then presented his famous paper on special relativity, in which light acted as a field of waves. Particles That Exhibit Wave-Particle Duality Wave-particle duality has been demonstrated for photons (light), elementary particles, atoms, and molecules. However, the wave properties of larger particles, such as molecules, have extremely short wavelengths and are difficult to detect and measure. Classical mechanics is generally sufficient for describing the behavior of macroscopic entities. Evidence for Wave-Particle Duality Numerous experiments have validated wave-particle duality, but there are a few specific early experiments that ended the debate about whether light consists of either waves or particles: Photoelectric Effect - Light Behaves as Particles The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon where metals emit electrons when exposed to light. The behavior of the photoelectrons could not be explained by classical electromagnetic theory. Heinrich Hertz noted that shining ultraviolet light on electrodes enhanced their ability to make electric sparks (1887). Einstein (1905) explained the photoelectric effect as resulting from light carried in discrete quantized packets. Robert Millikans experiment (1921) confirmed Einsteins description and led to Einstein winning the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect and Millikan winning the Nobel Prize in 1923 for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect. Davisson-Germer Experiment - Light Behaves as Waves The Davisson-Germer experiment confirmed the deBroglie hypothesis and served as a foundation for the formulation of quantum mechanics. The experiment essentially applied the Bragg law of diffraction to particles. The experimental vacuum apparatus measured the electron energies scattered from the surface of a heated wire filament and allowed to strike a nickel metal surface. The electron beam could be rotated to measure the effect of changing the angle on the scattered electrons. The researchers found that the intensity of the scattered beam peaked at certain angles. This indicated wave behavior and could be explained by applying the Bragg law to the nickel crystal lattice spacing. Thomas Youngs Double-Slit Experiment Youngs double slit experiment can be explained using wave-particle duality. Emitted light moves away from its source as an electromagnetic wave. Upon encountering a slit, the wave passes through the slit and divides into two wavefronts, which overlap. At the moment of impact onto the screen, the wave field collapses into a single point and becomes a photon.

Oedipus Story the Illiad Free Essays

Jennifer Francois Dr. Beitchman The story Oedipus the king was written by Sophocles. This play was one of the greatest tragedies of all time. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Story the Illiad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Oedipus Kinds of Thebes once was praised by priest and the people of the city. The plague was struck by the people of Thebes grew sick. When the people of the Thebes, (described as the chorus) went to the priest for help, they all turned to Oedipus for their salvation. Oedipus sought for answers by sending his best man Creon to Apollo the Oracle of Adelphi. Once questioned what he was going to do about this plague, Oedipus replied to the people of the city with answers. When Creon returns, he tells Oedipus that the plague is cause by the person who killed Liaus. Creon also stated that the killer lived within the city walls. Stunned of what he heard, Oedipus pursued to take revenge on the late king. Angry on such tragedy Oedipus questions Creon real story. Scared and unsure of what fate has cast upon the city, the people searched for answers. Oedipus called for a blind prophet named Tiresias. Tiresias knew who the murder is, but wish that he didn’t tell. Oedipus then questions Tiresias intentions for being in his presence. Was it an act of treachery? Oedipus thought. After Oedipus questions Creon and the Tiresias’s motive, Tiresias then slowly tells Oedipus about a future of blindness and wandering. Jocasta, Oedipus wife tries to advise him to disregard the prophet and his fate, Oedipus stressed sought out to find such man. Oedipus called upon the people of the city to report such man who killed the late king Laius. Determine to find the truth his cursed himself blind. (Line 265). Oedipus finds out that he is the antagonist and Jocasta the queen is his mother. Realizing he has unlocked his twisted fate he runs back to his palace. Then to find his mother, his wife hanging on a noose for she has committed suicide was a tragedy indeed. Knowing that her prophecy was true Oedipus tries to rescue he lifeless body (Line 1340) and then poke his eyes making him blind. Begging Creon to kill him, Oedipus leaves exile from the city of Thebes. To conclude, the story of Oedipus the King described Oedipus fate which was to kill his father and marry and have children with his mother. However, it was his freewill that led him to this fate. His arrogant, aggressive, and stubborn personality pushed him right down a path that complied directly with his pre-intended fate. I admire for Oedipus for as a strong character to protect the city he once fought for he had cursed himself. Even though he was hinted by the prophecy, he wanted to avenge the late King Laius. Although unraveling his fate cost him his Wife/mother and his own blindness, he found his answer. I feel sorry when Oedipus discovers his mother hanging herself in the palace. It was almost in shock for as she did not want his fate to come out. The story of the Iliad has been astonishing. Filled with aggression, Love and Drama, the author creates excitement by starting in the middle of an epic story. Agamemnon takes the daughter of Chrysies and then releases her once the priest prays to Apollo to send plague against the Achaeans. Starting off in the middle of the Trojan War, Agamemnon and Achilleus battle Greek against Trojan. Agamemnon a strong powerful Greek takes Achilleus prize Briseis. Even though Achilleus gives her up, he becomes so enraged that he refuses to fight any more. That and he prays to his mother, Thetis, who happens to be a Sea Nymph, to pull some strings with the other gods so that the Achaeans will start getting defeated in battle and realize how much they depend on him. When Achilleus cries out to his mother Thetis, she gives him a choice. Achilleus could either to live a long life shameless or a short with glory. Thetis she felt her son sorrow. With Thetis requesting her son’s wishes to win honor for him, she waits to Zeus god of gods to come back to olympos. The next day in the morning, the author vividly describes Thetis form as she emerges from the sea waves to find to find Kronos as speak to him. (Line 496-500) Thetis requested the Trojans to win to create honor for Achilleus as she did a favor for Zeus before. As read in the book Iliad, a lot of body language was used vividly to express Zeus and Thetis communication. For instance (line 528-530), Zeus nodding his head as a secret code to Thetis saying yes because he was going against his wife who favored the Greeks. Also in book 22, the death of Hektor was theatrical. Within a few lines as the reader I understood hector’s thoughts. Using internal monologue I had a better understanding of what hector was thinking. Athena tricks Hektor into believing that he will have help against Achilles. Trying to fight Achilles the leader of the Greeks army Hektor mom pleads for him not to battle Achilles. She expresses her love for him by telling him how she used to lay his head upon her breast to comfort him. (Line 80-85) Although Zeus is tempted to save him his daughter Athena doesn’t allow it. Athena disguised as his ally Deiphobus convinces Hektor that he could beat Achilles. Hektor tries to make Achilles promise to treat his body with respect if he dies. With Achilles furious he refuses. Only to betray him, Achilles hits him with a spear through his throat. Hektor slows dies and begs Achilles to return his body to his family for a proper burial but Achilles refused his request. Achilles only returned his body to the Trojans and let the dog’s scavenger his remains. To conclude, in the book Iliad which included tragedy between the falls of the Trojans, there was much room for empathy from Achilles mother was expressed her sorrow from her loved son. I also felt sorry after Hektor died he left his wife Andromache and the King Priam to witness the devastation. How to cite Oedipus Story the Illiad, Papers

Drawing on the experience of your own countries Essay Example For Students

Drawing on the experience of your own countries Essay The arguments in his article were based on the explanation of the East Simians economic success from a simple neoclassical point of views which was rejected by Amassed, Haggard and Hughes. In addition, we reviewed the arguments of He IL concerning the Chinese model as per the requirement of the topic. Further, we opened up the discussion by discussing political, government regimes and economic growth of our individual countries Liberia, Central Tirana Republic, Cambodia, and Ghana. We concluded our discussions by tracing through the works of the above researchers to note the extent to which the Chinese economic development model could be applicable in our countries. Neo-classical Arguments Endorsed by Robert Wade Firstly, the argument started with the rejection of simplistic neck;-classical explanation Of East Asian economies economic development success by Helen Hughes. Her strong point of argument is: What policies have been critical to economic success in East Asia? She noted keen export-oriented driven economy policies and other policy strands i. E. Political stability, rule of law, economic policies that did not distort prices, successful macroeconomic management, development of all economic sectors, especially the agriculture, public investment in social and physical infrastructural facilities was productive, overspent provided the environment for growth, and also the private sector made the right investments, despite the risk and uncertainty was exposed to international competition and became efficient and profitable. James Ridded also somehow argued in this line of thoughts. The evidence of his argument was his citation of the role of governments Windsurfers incentives and attitudinal protectionism in Hong Kong and the Republic of Korea respectively. Wade concurred with Hughes on the point of private enterprises playing a major role in economic development success of East Asian countries. He also endorsed Riddles argument that markets allocate resources better than do central decision makers without markets. According to Wade, the Korean economic was successful based on four factors or indicators: (a) The gain in its relative economic command over world resources, measured by the increase in per capita income expressed in US. Dollars. (b) Trade performance (c) Industrial transformation (d) The removal of poverty, the elimination of severe economic hardship, the expansion Of positive rights. Generally, the Korean and Taiwan economies were successful partly, based on the fact that the government played very influential roles, i. the government allowed the right prices to prevail, cites the fact that the government set high real interest rates through the banking system, as is right in a capital scare economy. 1 Amens interpretation of Korean economic development success ran counter to neo-classical arguments and sometimes ignored or treated with indifference in neo-classical Liberals accounts to Korea. According to her the following conditions/measures were crucial to Korean economic suc cess: (a) The Korean state has acted as entrepreneur, banker, and shaper of industrial structure. What his means is that the role of the Korean government is significant and cannot be ignored. (b) The state deliberately distorted the price structure by way of among other things, subsidies, protection, price controls, and restrictions on incoming and outgoing movements of finance and direct investment. This has generated an industrial structure different from what unguided entrepreneurs would have produced on their own. (c) The actions of the Korean state have been complemented by those of large, diversified business groups that have come to occupy a dominant position in the economy. The behavior of the business roof contributed so much to GAP Of the Korean economy. The Lesson learnt is in economies where there is clear dichotomy of the roles and the private sector, the result is economic growth. (d) The State not only actively promoted the growth of the business groups, also disciplined their use of subsidies and Other supports, rewarding those Who use subsidies well With further help and withdrawing support from those who do not. Its relations with them are anything but the arms length relations between government and firms sanctioned by neo. Classical theory. He state also strongly encouraged firms to export, thereby subjecting them to intense competition in foreign markets. Success of the Business groups in the export market became the main criterion of good use of the subsidies. The neo- classical theory does suggest that that is quite a good proxy tort efficient use of resources According to Amassed, the Korean economic success could also be explained partl y as a response of the Korean state to the conditions of late industrialization. According to her, the lower labor costs of Korean state as late industrialized offered partial advantage in such competition. The labor force was much unskilled and the lower cost could not compensate for differences n productivity. The late industrialized all tend particularly, to develop an entrepreneurial State and diversified business groups. The State provided subsidies and protection for the Korean firms to enable the Korean industries enter the export markets on a sizable scale so that they can be competitive. The business groups Of the late industrialized diversification into many different often unrelated industries in order to spread risks and allow cross. Subsidizing of entry into a varied portfolio of necessarily low-end products. They first focused more on shop-floor level of organization on the production recess itself because that is where borrowed technology is first made operational and later optimized. Amassed makes a hypothesis point: Leading firms in late industrialization countries, if they are to penetrate world markets, must adopt unusually pro-active production and operations management policies Her notion of pro-active production means policies that assign high-quality managers to the shop-floor and inspire initiative on the part of such managers to develop the skills of the work force and to improve process performance. According to her that is the possibility path that productivity gap could be close twine developed and developing countries. As a follow up argument Amassed noted that the general proprieties of an industrialization process based on learning, or borrowing, technology are entirely different from those of an industrialization process based on the generation of new products or processes the hallmark of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions. Thus, the late acquisition of international competitiveness has given rise to certain common tendencies in Otherwise diverse countries Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Brazil, and Mexico. To conclude on the argument of Amassed, the balance roles and responsibilities Of the State, business groups and markets; one can explain What worked right and launched the Asian Tigers on development trajectory is the subsidy. The subsidy serves as a symbol of late industrialization The First Industrial Revolution was built on Laissez-fairer, the Second on infant industry protection. In late industrialization, the foundation is the subsidy which includes both protection and financial incentives, The allocation of subsidies has rendered the government not merely a banker, as Crosschecking(1962) conceived it, but an entrepreneur, using the subsidy to decide what, when, and how much to reduce. Wade summarized Amassed arguments as tantalizingly through learning, learning through reciprocity between government and diversified business groups, reciprocity involving price-distorting subsidies in exchange for performance. 91)_ According to Wade that is how Amassed thought late industrialization of East Asia Tigers, especially South Korea, could be understood. Going by her argument neither Centenarians nor the global Prism approaches can explain the common tendencies of the late industrialists; still less can the Key feature Of the Korean economy is the efficient and effective social organization i. E. Super-effective deployment of its labor force, to discipline and trai n it as fast as possible. Divorce A Life Changing Experience EssayAccording to Roundhead(2007), the major concerns of Liberia reform and recovery leadership can be summarized in four broad themes: How to reconstruct a competent civil service , and ultimately a public sector that is capable of managing the recovery and development process; How to assert the governments priorities while exercising effective ownership of the recovery and development process; How to create employment to address the needs of large youth populations while at the same time finding ways to discourage roomer combatants from returning to violence: and How to balance the need to address urgent problems in the short term with the development of broad policy strategies. Capacity for managing development is very crucial for the restructuring and development of the Librarian economy, Currently in Liberia there is shortage of skilled and semi-skilled workers as a result of years of neglect to education system. In addition, there is a vast pool of under-skilled, unskilled and unemployed people. The state management structure in Liberia has been likened to a ledge With a thin layer of people with Strong academic credentials at he top of the government. These people usually have work experience overseas With international institutions, academia or private sector. Below them, however, there is an almost total absence of relevant skills, capabilities and competence(p. 6). The government in that regards instituted so many initiatives including the one-stop shop policy aimed primarily at making entry into Liberia easier for potential investors and returning nationals. Another priority of the Librarian Government is capacity for ownership. The civil service leadership could he divided into technical and managerial layers. These layers must have the required technical and managerial skills to deliver goods and services on a day-to-day basis. At the higher level those in power should be able to drive the direction of the recovery and push forward what they see as appropriate policy choices. This is not a challenge unique to Liberia, it is often encountered in countries that rely extensively on development aid, and where the international community takes an active, even activist, role in national policy and planning processes'(p. 8) The other themes stated above as development focus of the Librarian Government are worth pursuing because it will protect the Liberia economy from future violence and economy desalination. Central African Republic The Central African Republic is located at the heart of Africa. It shares boundaries with many countries; on the north by Chad, on the east by Sudan, on the south by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DROP?the former Zaire) and the Republic of the Congo (ROCK), and on the west by Cameroon, With a total boundary length of 5,203 km (3,233 mi). The Bangui and Embosom rivers form much of the southern border; the eastern border coincides With the divide between the threshed of the Nile and the Zaire Rivers. The Central African Republic capital city, Bangui, is located in the southwestern part Of the country. Government and Political Regimes The 1959 constitution was suspended after the January 1366 coup, and the National Assembly was dissolved. An imperial constitution issued in December 1976 lapsed with Bazookas fall in 1979. A new constitution was promulgated on 6 February 1981 after 97. 4% of the voters had approved it in a referendum. It provided for the election of a president and National Assembly why universal adult suffrage, and it allowed multiple parties. It was suspended after the military coup of I September 1981 All executive and legislative power was assumed by the ruling Military Committee for National Recovery (Commit © Military pour el Readjustment National), headed by Gene. And © Goggling, This committee was disbanded in 1385. A new constitution adopted by plebiscite on 21 November 1986 established a one-party state and a 52-member National Assembly; simultaneously, Goggling was elected unopposed to a six-year term as president. The National Assembly provided a forum for debate, but it had little substantive impact on government policy. In 1931 , Goggling was forced to legalize opposition parties. After the Supreme Court invalidated a 1992 election, new elections were conducted successfully in September 1993. For the 1993 elections, the unicameral National Assembly was enlarged to 85 members. Goggling baas defeated. A new president, Angel-F ©Xix Petals ©, was installed and a graceful transition to multiparty democracy took place. The new coalition government was headed by the MILL and included members of three other parties. The Economic and Regional Council advises the National Assembly. Constitutional reforms passed by referendum in 1994 and instituted in 1995 and 1996 created a stronger prime minister, a constitutional court, and created regional assemblies. On 15 March 2003, former army Chief Bozo © seized power in a coup, declared himself president, dissolved parliament, and suspended the constitution. Prior to the March 2003 coup, the constitution provided for an independent judiciary, although it was subject to executive interference. The president could veto legislation, although the legislature could override his veto, and he could rule by decree under special conditions. Members of the National Assembly served five-year terms. Suffrage was universal at age 21. After his assumption of power, Bozo © indicated he would appoint a transitional council to replace the National Assembly, and that elections would soon be held. He did not indicate when those elections would be held, however. The ruling MILL emerged from the November and December 1998 elections with 47 Seats out Of the expanded Gig-member national assembly. The 3RD got 20 seats, and nine other parties and independents shared the remaining 42 seats. The opposition had a parliamentary majority, Which was reversed With the defection of an opposition member of parliament to the government side and its allies. In June 1999, the new Prime Minister Ancient Georges Ideologue Of MILL formed a 25-member cabinet in which four portfolios went to the opposition. In the previous government of national unity the opposition had 10 cabinet positions. Economic Growth The Central African Republic (CAR) has a basically agricultural economy supplemented by the export of diamonds. Agriculture engages about 85% of the workforce and produces about halt of GAP. Food crops?manioc (tapioca), corn, millet, bananas, and rice?are grown on low-technology farms for domestic consumption. Coffee, tobacco, timber and cotton are the CARs principal export ropes, The large forest reserves support growth in timber exports; timber accounted for 38% of export earnings in 2001 Livestock production grew in the early 19905 as the northern limit of the tsetse fly zone retreated south, Diamond output leads the mining sector, with sales of uncut diamonds contributing approximately of export revenues in 2001. Published figures on production levels for diamond mines are considered unreliable, due to widespread smuggling and mine owners attempts to minimize their exposure to export taxes. It is possible there are oil deposits along Cameramans northern border With Chad. The country suffers as a result Of its isolation from its major markets, deteriorating transportation infrastructure, and largely unskilled workforce. The communication network also is limited. Economic growth stagnated between 1989 and 1991, severely affected by declining world prices for its exports. In 1994. The CUFF franc was devalued. This had the effect of increasing diamond, timber, coffee, and cotton exports, resulting in a 5% growth in GAP.

Presumed Innocent Essays - English-language Films, Films

Presumed Innocent Scott Turow writes an engrossing book based on love, obsession, and the legal system. In the beginning the protagonist character, Rusty Sabich, a District Prosecuting Attorney (P.A.) begins the story in first person speaking about what is expected of him as a P.A. His voice gives reason that he is unhappy and lacks faith in the legal system. Rusty has been accused of a horrible crime, rape and murder. Turow's story depicts a typical situation of a person being set up. The ending will ravish your outlook on love and infidelity. Rusty speaks of his sorrow for a peer who has been raped and murdered. Her name is Carolyn Polhemus. She was a Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for Kindle County. She was known to excel in her job of prosecuting rapist and her reputation became that of a slut. Raymond Horgan, the acting P.A. and Rusty Sabichs' boss asks him personally to investigate her murder. Rusty and his co-worker, Lipranzer "Lip", talk over the case and decide that it would be best to start with the men that Carolyn had put behind bars. This inquiry led them to a missing file, dubbed the "B" file, meaning bribery. The "B" file becomes a crucial twist to the plot. Rusty is seeing a psychiatrist. The first session that Turow reveals is that of Rusty talking of his affair with Carolyn Palhemus. He goes back in time as he discusses his compulsive, obsession for her. They began their affair after they won the case of a young boy who was brutally abused by his own mother. The book gives explicit, erotic details of their sexual encounters together. Carolyn ends the affair with Rusty because she can not talk him into pushing Raymond to the side and running for office himself. This change in professional status for Rusty would in turn give Carolyn the chance to move up in the ranks. Rusty does not deal with the break up and continues to persue Carolyn at the office and via telephone. He did not want the affair to end, nor would he have left his wife for her. Rusty confessed to his wife, Barbara that he was having an affair with Carolyn Polyhemus, but that it had ended. The fingerprint report is back and the prints belong to Rusty. There several phone calls from Rusty's home to Carolyn's home. Lip also told him that the pathology results lead to type A blood and type A semen and that the person was sterile. Rusty made the comment that he is type A and Lip said that he thought about that; however, Rusty has a son. The evidence against Rusty is taking a huge toll on the election of Rusty's boss, Raymond Horgan. Raymond Horgan, a knoble man, looses the election to a man who used to work him, Nicco Della Guardia, an unfare, dirty player. Rusty's house is searched and tests are performed on carpet and coat fibers. Rusty's wife is surprisingly very strong and supportive for Rusty. Shortly after the results come in Rusty is arrested for the rape and murder of Carolyn Polhemus. He hires the best and most expensive Defense Attorney in town, Sandy Stern. In the mean time, Lip has found that the "B" file leads to a criminal named Leon who had Carolyn as a probation officer. Raymond finds out about Rusty's affair with Carolyn and Rusty finds out about Raymond's affair with Carolyn. Rusty is stunned and Raymond is pissed-off. Rusty, being Raymonds right-hand-man for twelve years, is furious when he learns that Raymond plans to testify against him since he withheld the fact that he had an affair with Carolyn. Raymond gave Caroloyn a case that she wasn't necessarily qualified for. He gave in to her like the all the other men did. Carloyn was a seasoned bitch. Turow never gives out the identity of the murderer; however, throughout the trial he leads you to believe that it is Rusty. The trial begins and right away the biggest piece of evidence is missing, the beer glass containing Rusty's fingerprints which was removed from Carolyn's apartment. The fingerprint expert is allowed to testify even though the glass itself is missing from the evidence room. The evidence presented of the carpet fibers matched Rusty's home carpet fibers and pathology report of bodily fluids automatically fingers Rusty as the murderer. Rusty's lawyer believes that Rusty was set-up by Nicco to make Raymond's campaign look bad, leading to Nicco winning the election. Lip was removed from the case, but

TELS 3340 Case Studies Essays

TELS 3340 Case Studies Essays TELS 3340 Case Studies Paper TELS 3340 Case Studies Paper Narmin Azizli Case study 2-A 1 . What is Marilyns responsibility to her present employer regarding her knowledge that several employees are planning to seek positions with the new company? Marilyn is an experienced supervisor, and she is responsible to report if there are any problems with employees. In my opinion, she should inform middle or top management that there is possibility that some employees might leave. By doing this she is not telling on her employees. She is making sure that management will be prepared if someone leaves. In addition, if Marilyn informs top management about he issue, they might consider higher pay rates and better benefits in order to keep their current employees. 2. How should Marilyn reply to the recruiter who is asking her to come in for an interview? Does this constitute an ethnical decision for her? This does constitute and ethical decision for Marilyn. First, she needs to decide if she wants to stay with her current employer, or work for a new company. I believe that it is not unethical to take a Job interview, or find out more about benefits this new company might offer her. In my opinion, she needs to inform her current employer hat she is considering other options before taking an interview. 3. Is it ethical for one company to receive funds to move into an area when other companies struggle to keep Jobs from going offshore or from being lost to automation? First, the company that is moving into an area specializes in computer parts. Other companies which struggled with Job losses were in the textile field. There is a possibility that computer parts manufacturing plant has better chances of succeeding in that town than textile company. So why not? I dont think this is unethical. Especially, if new Jobs will be created in a small town that was hit hard ith Job losses. Community will benefit if there are new Job opportunities. Case study 3-A 1 . Outline the specific steps Cliff should have taken with Sonja prior to their meeting with Cindy to ensure the meeting went smoothly with no surprises. First, if the company had problems with Cindys performance at work they needed to follow certain procedures. Supervisor needs to identify the problem, once it is clear, so is the procedure to handle it Procedure is a standardized way ot responding to repetitive problems. Cliff is the corporate property manager; Sonja is corporate assistant property manager. Cliff should have been the one talking to Cindy, not Sonja. In my opinion, Sonja was not even supposed to be in the room. In this case, Cliff was supposed to tell Sonja if she wants to sit in, she can, but he will be the one talking to Cindy. He has the firing power, not Sonja. In addition, it was Just simple meeting to discuss sales expectations for Cindy. Cliff showed that he is a weak supervisor by letting his assistant to fire an employee during sales expectations meeting. 2. As supervisor, what should Cliff have done when it became apparent Sonja was overstepping her authority during the meeting with Cindy? Cliff was supposed to stop Sonja and let her know that she doesnt have that power. Moreover, he also could ask her to leave the room. He did not follow company protocol during the dismissal, which is very bad for company image. 3. What steps do you believe Heather should take with Sonja? With Cindy? I believe that Heather, as a seasoned veteran of HR needs to talk to Sonja and let her know that she needs to apologize to Cindy, and never overstep her authority again. In addition, I also think that it would be appropriate for Cliff and Cindy to have another meeting, where Cliff should apologize for what happened to make sure that this ncident does not affect the company and all members of the executive committee. Case Study 4-A 1. Explain how work specialization is important to Jack as a building and grounds supervisor. Work specialization means that rather than an entire Job being done by one individual, it is broken down into a number of steps that are each completed by a separate individual. Jacks main Job is to ensure that the inside of the buildings and the grounds are clean and in good repair and are pleasant places for students, faculty, staff, and visitors. This sounds like a simple description of his Job, but it includes a lot more responsibilities. He has to make sure that everything is working fine, take care of plants, snow removal, heat and air conditioning, and maintain constant level of humidity in the greenhouse for biology department. He manages seven other full time workers. Each of them has their own responsibilities. He also hires part time workers depending on the need. Jack cant possibly do it all alone. He needs at least one person for each Job. In addition, he monitors their work, makes sure that everything is getting done. Work specialization is very important for Jacks job. It is very beneficial, but it also has its cons. Boredom, fatigue, stress, low productivity, poor quality, high turnover are all negative things that can come with work specialization. Jack needs to motivate his employees, make sure that they are nappy and nave no problems. A good way to do this is to make them teel I ike DOSS of their Job, he needs to show that he trusts them and they can make good decisions. Moreover, it will be beneficial to involve them in decision process too. For example, one of the employees has specialization in heating and plumbing. He is more experienced in this field. So listening to ideas he has to offer will be beneficial to Jack nd will show to that employee that his thoughts and ideas count. 2. What type of organizational structure does this community college have? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this structure? This community college has functional organizational structure. Functional structure is defined as an organization in which similar and related occupational specialties are grouped together. The strength of this structure is work specialization. Putting like specialties together results in economies of scale, minimizes duplication of personnel and equipment, and employees are satisfied because they are working ith people Just like themselves. The weakness of this structure is that organization focuses on functional goals and loses sight of its best interests. In other words, this can lead to complicated communication and long decision making processes. No one is responsible for end results, so members within individual functions have little understanding of what people in other functions are doing. In addition, employees can neglect the larger view of the company and its goals and objectives. When an employee has understanding of future goals, and visions of the company he/she can contribute more. When you are doing one Job and not seeing how it benefits the organization in long term can lead to burnout and low productivity. It is important to feel and see that what you are doing matters and benefits the company. 3. Discuss the factors that determine the size of Jacks span of control. Span of control stands for the number of employees a supervisor can efficiently and effectively direct. However, there is no universal answer. The factors that determine the size of Jacks span of control are his experience and competency, level of training and experience of his employees, how complex are employee activities, how many ifferent types of Jobs are under the supervisors direction, how extensive the departments formal rules and regulations are. Since each of Jacks full time workers specializes in different areas, it shows that the Jobs are more varied which leads to the narrower span of control. Each worker is responsible for different types of things that needs to be done around campus, which makes their activities more complex. More complex activities lead to narrower span of control. Since each worker does different things Jack needs to review each task that is completed separately, it takes more time. I think seven full time workers and part timers depending on season is enough for Jack. Case study 5-A 1 . Why is it important for Jameel to know about the laws and regulations that affect human resource practice? Since one of Jameels responsibilities is to coordinate the part-time temporary work needs of several local companies, it is very important for him to know about laws and regulations that affect human resource practice. He needs to know about equal employment opportunities laws, and selection process which must be handled without regard to race, sex, religion, age, color, national origin, or disability. 2. Why is it important for Jameel to know how to determine staffing needs? Demand for human resources is a result of demand for what the department produces. If company needs to complete certain amount of work, and there are not enough current employees to complete the work, the company will need more employees. By assessing current human resource and future human resource needs and developing a program to meet future human resource needs which is employment planning, Jameel can know exactly how many potential employees he needs to recruit. 3. What are some recruiting methods that Jameel might use to ensure that he has the ight employees to match the needs of employers? Some recruiting methods Jameel might use are employee referrals, advertisements, school placements, temporary help services, and employee leasing and independent contractors. In addition, he could also use online recruiting websites which are very popular. . Research the employment selection process of three businesses in your community. Ask questions like these: What type of and how much testing do they require? Is an application, resume, or work sample required? Who conducts the interviews and how long are they? Who makes the final decision to hire a new mployee? How long is the process? Three businesses that I researched are Kroger, Starbucks, and Mason Nails. In order to apply for a Job at Kroger you need fill out an online application. First part of their application is designed to collect personal information, and second part is assessment. The assessment is 17 pages long with 5 questions on each page. The assessment helps them to determine if you are a good fit for the company. Moreover, they also do background check and drug testing. Once your application is selected local manager of Kroger in the area where you live will conduct the interview. The nterviews usually lasts 15/20 minutes. Local manager makes the final decision to hire an employee. The process can take 60 to 90 days (including application processing time). In order to apply for a Job at Starbucks an application process is required. They dont require any testing. Usually branch manager conducts the interview and it is approximately 20/30 minutes. Branch manager makes final decision to hire a new employee. The process is 20/30 days long. In Mason Nails usually potential employee does not need to till an application. It someone is interested they need to come in and talk to the manager. If manager needs additional employees he/she will set up and interview with interested person. They would do skills test on potential employee (to see if they can do manicure/pedicure). In addition, license from cosmetology school is required. Manager/owner makes the final decision to hire. The process is short, it can be a week or two. Case Study 6-A 1 . Refer to the steps of the control process. Where in the process do the steps taken by the Florida resort hotel fall? The steps taken by the Florida resort hotel fall into the first step of control process which is measuring actual performance. Managers started evaluating room leanliness based on the instructional video information. Because of economic turmoil hospitality industry has been hit hard. Since clean rooms are critical component in customer satisfaction, managers of Florida resort hotel decided to use $10 test. This test worked and guest rooms cleaned to an impeccable standard. 2. As a supervisor, do you think the $10 test is a fair and appropriate method to measure the performance of the housekeeping staff? Why or why not? I think the $10 test is appropriate and fair method to measure performance. Housekeepers usually do their Job, but they dont clean every single little spot. They are not motivated to do so. If you fire them and hire new staff, the new staff will do the Job, but it wont be perfect. Perfect clean rooms are essential for customer satisfaction. Therefore, for housekeepers to have motivation to clean to perfection $10 test works. I look at it like tips, for good service you get tips. Same can be applied to this situation. 3. Describe which type of control is illustrated in this case. How do you know? Corrective control is a type of control that provides feedback after an activity is finished to prevent future deviations. Corrective control is illustrated in this case, ecause after the room has been cleaned, the manager would walk in lay 10 one dollar bills on the bed and take a dollar for each mistake. The manager gives feedback after the cleaning has been done. Case study 7-A 1. In her new Job, how might Toby make use of the knowledge she has about decision-making styles? Toby can use her knowledge about decision-making styles by examining how her boss, and other supervisors make their decisions. Once she knows their styles, she could find the best style to introduce her new ideas and take actions that she thinks will work better in the call center. 2. How would Toby benetlt by examining the styles ot ner boss and those ot the other supervisors? By examining the styles of her boss and other supervisors Toby can understand how two different people, with access to the same information, can differ in the ways they approach decisions and in the final choices they make. In addition, once she fgures out their decision-making styles she will know exactly how to approach them with new ideas and offers. 3. In a popular television show The Apprentice, we see a particular style of decision making. Identify other public personalities by their decision-making styles. George W. Bush the 43rd president of US has directive decision-making style. Most of his decisions are quick and made with minimal information. On the other hand, Barack Obamas decision making style is analytical. He tends to be more careful with his decisions, considers more alternatives, and reviews a lot of information before making a decision. Moreover, Jimmy Kimmel famous talk show host has behavioral decision making style. He works well with others, tries to avoid conflict, and seeks acceptance. In conclusion, Marc Jacobs who is a famous designer has conceptual decision making style. He tends to consider many alternatives, his focus is long range, and he is creative. Case Study 8-A 1 . Describe the behaviors (stealing) by these employees in terms of their needs, the organizations effect on them, equating their inputs and outcomes, and what employees expect from their employer. Need is a physiological or psychological deficiency that makes certain outcomes seem attractive. When your needs are unsatisfied it leads to tension, which sets off a drive to satisfy that need. These plant workers are unhappy with decisions that their company is making, they cant do anything about it. If they quit, they will have no income at all. Stealing seems like a revenge for them. In order to satisfy their needs they steal. Moreover, the organization was too busy with its own problems that they forgot about their workers. According to Herzbergs research if we want to motivate people in their Jobs, we need to emphasize on achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and growth. The organizations decisions had negative effect on the employees. Organization made them feel like they dont have a voice. Equity theory states that employees perceive what they can get from a Job situation outcomes) in relations to what they put into it (inputs), and then compare their input-outcome ratio with the input-outcome ratio of others. These plant workers were getting paid certain amount of money for their Job, suddenly their salary decreased. Naturally, they are very angry about the situation. They know that they are getting paid less for the amount of work they are doing. Finally, according to expectancy theory, an employee will be motivated to exert a high level ot e ttort when ne or sne believes that effort will lead to a good performance appraisal; that a good appraisal ill lead to organizational rewards such as a bonus, a salary increase, or a promotion; and that the rewards will satisfy the employees personal goals. In this situation, plant workers are definitely not expecting anything from their company. All they got is salary decrease, and there will not be any bonuses or salary increase. They have no motivation to put full effort in their Job. 2. What do you believe supervisors could have done differently to avert this potential problem? I believe that, the idea that pay cut would cause less harm than eliminating several obs altogether was a bad idea. Reducing pay levels in order to prevent layoffs is not a solution. It will bring more harm to the company, Just like it did in this case. Imagine you are making certain amount of money at your Job, and one day your supervisor announces that you will be making less. It is definitely not fair for you. A company provokes anger of all of its employees by decreasing their salary, whereas layoffs are hard and sad but they dont affect work productivity of remaining employees. Layoffs could have been hard but better decision to make.

Mare Parker Follett Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mare Parker Follett - Research Paper Example She attended Braintree’s Thayer Academy in Massachusetts. It is in this academy that her later ideas were inspired by one of her teachers. In 1885, September, Follett enrolled for studies at Society to Encourage Studies at Home in Anna Ticknor (Soylent Communications Para 1). She also studied at Radcliffe College, although she was on and off the college and graduated later in 1898. She sought to pursue her doctorate degree in Harvard, but was denied on grounds that she was a woman. Follett began her work in Roxbury in 1900 as a volunteer social worker. She was later to hold a number of prestigious and highly coveted leadership positions, including: being the chair person of the Women's Municipal League Committee on Extended Use of School Buildings (1908), being the vice president of the National Community Center Association (1917). She also founded or contributed in opening a number of social and educational institutions , including the East Boston High School Social Center an d many other Boston social centers . Contribution to the Field of Management Mary Parker Follett pioneered a number of theories relating to organizational behavior, industrial management, organizational theory and conflict management which she communicated through her books, articles, speeches and essays.

Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Management - Essay Example Its worldwide establishment did not happen immediately, rather, the spread into other areas of the United Kingdom and to other, states happened strategically, and involved serious and efficient planning by the founders and stakeholders of the company. Tesco has its stores in many nations, including the United States, China, Korea, India, and Japan among others. It has established many stores, which exceed 4,811 and a staff of workers of over 472,000. Its operations are on a large surface area that is estimated as 94 sq. feet (St. James Press, 2013). When first established, Jack Cohen established it as a grocery, which was a food retailing store. However, as time went by, the founders found it necessary and efficient to diversify into different markets such as clothing, electronics, and financial services. Tesco Company engages itself in a myriad of market operations, including those of extra stores, metro, hypermarkets, express, superstores and home plus. The company was formed with an aim of providing total satisfaction to its customers in order to build customer loyalty. In building customer loyalty, Tesco Company had in mind an aim of retaining its customers. In that way, Tesco Company was sure of dominating the market in no time since it would have had a huge market share composed of the loyal customers. In its venture of diversifying its operations, Tesco ventured and continues to venture into the provisions of both food and non-food products. Some of the non-food products include clothes, beauty products, health and electronic commodities. Not only does Tesco provide the non-food products mentioned above, but also kitchen equipment, stationery products and home entertainment products. It’s worth noting that Tesco also specializes in the service provision. Some of the services Tesco provides include financial services, website selling and telecom services (Laurin, 1977; Tesco Still Top of the Shops, 2007). Tesco’s location strategy Growth of Tesco has been measured using the profits the company makes yearly. The profits are attributed to the large market share the company has over many nations, which are over 14 in number. The profits are all from both the domestic and foreign Tesco business stores. Tesco Company has the largest market share in United Kingdom compared to the share of other renowned companies. Its market share is 35% of the whole country. Tesco’s growth is attributed to many factors, most of which contributed by the environment in which the market stores, and hypermarkets have been set up. Business environment is divided into two; internal environment and the external environment. The internal environment basically involves the leadership, and management put in place in a business or company. It also includes the employee’s contribution to the organization. Without the presence of hardworking and committed workers, attainment of a company’s targets and achievement of objectives would be challenging. Internal environment is one where the management has influence over. On the other hand, external environment is one that the management of a company has little or no control over. It is divided into micro and macro environments. Basically, external environment of a business is influenced by the location strategy of the firm. Location

Zeus Robotic Surgical System Information Technology Essay

Zeus Robotic Surgical System Information Technology Essay Robots are ubiquitous today. They are found in our cars, in our houses, in our industries inside buildings and to places we neglect to notice. We trust robots to do everyday chores for us either by knowing directly or indirectly. Robots are becoming part of our lives and we have all accepted it. Today technology has advanced so that it allows for innovative robotic systems to be inserted in the medical field. New materials, ideas and technological advancements bring robotics into medicine. Robotics in medicine entails many advantages and benefits for both the doctors and the patients. But there are also some limitations in robotic surgery that cause doubt and uncertainty to people. However, as it happens with every new technological development, people need time to become familiar with it, to accept it and finally trust it. So the question is if the world is ready to accept and trust robots in health and more specifically in surgery. There will be people who are pioneers and enjoy trying something new, people who are skeptical and need to know everything about it before agreeing and people who will be afraid no matter how much proof theyre given. There cannot be an abrupt transition from classical surgeries without robots to surgeries all aided with robots. Gradually, the surgeries aided with robots will increase as peoples experience and trust increases. IT Background History of robotics Most of us when we hear the word robot we think of science fiction movies showing robots of the future, performing outstanding tasks. In fact, most of these robots seen are now everyday reality making our lives more convenient. One definition that could be given to a robot is a reprogrammable multi-functional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.  [1]   Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, their design, manufacturing, and applications. It is related to electronics, mechanics, and software. Robots could not be manufactured until the 1960s when transistors and integrated circuits were invented. Compact, reliable electronics and a growing computer industry added intellect to the power of already existing machines. In 1959, researchers demonstrated the possibility of robotic manufacturing when they disclosed a computer-controlled milling machine.  [2]   Unimate Robot picks up and puts down parts in General Electric Factory. http://a.abcnews.com/images/Technology/ht_2bunimate_080415_ssh.jpg The first digitally operated and programmable robot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and pile them.  [3]   Commercial and industrial robots are ubiquitous in performing jobs better, cheaper, more accurately and reliably than humans. They are also found in jobs that are too hazardous, dirty or tedious for humans.  [4]   Robotics in surgery  [5]   Robotics in medicine is a fairly new, yet advancing field. It is now introduced in medicine, in the field of surgery as it allows for exceptional control and precision of surgical devices in minimally invasive procedures. Robotic surgery has as its main goal to design robots that will be able to be used in performing closed-chest, beating-heart surgery in collaboration with the surgeons. Surgery using the Da Vinci robot http://www.phoenixville-hospital.com/specialties/robotic-surgery/Today numerous surgical robots have been adopted by many operating rooms all over the world. Surgical robots are not actually autonomous surgeons capable of performing assignments on their own, but a helping assistant of the surgeons. A number of commercial corporations have been founded in order to create surgical robotic systems. Computer Motion, Inc. developed the AESOP Endoscope Positioner: a voice-activated robotic system for endoscopic surgery. In January 1999, Intuitive launched the DaVinci Surgical System, which is classified as a master-slave surgical system as it uses true 3-D visualization. In 2001 Computer Motion, Inc built the SOCRATES Robotic Telecollaboration System as well. It includes integrated telecommunication equipment along with the robotic devices in order to provide remote surgical telecollaboration. Computer Motion merged with Intuitive Surgical, Inc., in June of 2003. They introduced the ZEUS Surgical System. Robotic Surgery Systems Robotic surgery systems are divided into three types: supervisory-controlled systems, shared-control systems and telesurgical systems. These systems differ in the sense that in each case there is a different degree of involvement of the surgeon. In some cases, the operation is carried out by the robotic system with a minimal intervention of the doctor. In other cases, the surgery is performed by the doctor with the help of the robotic system. Supervisory-controlled systems  [6]   Surgeon demonstrates a robotic surgery system at the Montefiore Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery in New York City. http://science.howstuffworks.com/robotic-surgery2.htm Supervisory-controlled systems are the most automated systems of all. But they still need the guidance of the surgeon and an extensive preparation before the initiation of the surgery. The surgeon inputs information and programs the robotic system to follow certain instructions. However, once these robots have been programmed, and start operating there is no option for adjustments and thats why the surgeon must keep a close watch of the surgery in the need of intervention. As it is known, not all people have the same body structure and so it is not possible to have standard instructions for the robot to follow. This is done in three stages: planning, registration and navigation. In the planning stage, the surgeon captures images of the patients body. As soon as the surgeon has imaged the patient, he must determine the path that the robot will take to operate. The next stage is registration, in which the surgeon links the images obtained before with points on the patients body. In order for the surgery to be completed successfully, the points must be positioned precisely according to the patients body. The final stage is navigation, which is the actual surgery. In this stage the surgeon places the patient and the robot so as the movements of the robotic system to follow the programmed instructions. When all preparations are complete, the robot is activated and the surgery is carried out. Shared-control robotic systems  [7]   Shared-control robotic systems are a helping hand for the surgeons. The operation is carried out only by the surgeon who uses the robotic system manually in order to have greater efficiency. The robotic system monitors the surgeons actions during the operation and provides support and stability by active constraint.7 Active constraint is the process of labelling regions of the patients body with one of the four possibilities: safe, close, boundary and forbidden. Surgeons label safe regions the regions that are appropriate for the robot to be and to operate. For instance, a close region can be found in orthopaedic surgery in orthopaedic surgery, near the soft tissues. Many orthopaedic surgery tools can damage the soft tissue and so the robot limits the area that the surgery is safe to take place. This is done using haptic technology  [8]  , which is the science and physiology of the sense of touch. This means that as the surgeon approaches the boundary region he will start feeling a resistive force and as he proceeds to the forbidden region the force is getting larger and once he enters the forbidden region the robotic system stops operating immediately. But in order for the robotic system to know which are those regions, the surgeon must program it first as it is done with the supervisory controlled systems. Telesurgical systems  [9]   Telesurgery is a field of telemedicine that was developed in recent years and holds great interest. Today it can be seen as a two way transmission of picture and sound, allowing the communication between surgeons of little experience and surgeons of great experience to cooperate no matter the distance separating them. Also it is understood, this technology needs highly advanced software in order for the simulation to be feasible in the remote surgery room. For this purpose, systems of virtual reality are required that allow the surgeons that are in a different room or city or country to have an actual image of the operating room and of the procedure. Robots with camera will provide a better quality of the images as they will be in colour and enlarged. Da Vinci Surgical System  [10]   The Da Vinci Robot is probably one of the most well-known robotic surgery systems in the world. It is a robotic system that is used in minimally invasive surgery, which means that the robot makes a petite aperture in the patients body that brings many positive results. Da Vinci Surgical Robot http://womenshealthinstitute.net/di%20vinci.htm http://www.saintbarnabas.com/ services/robotics/specialties.html During the surgery, the surgeon sits in a console inside the operating room and handles the surgical tools of the robot. After the patient has been anaesthetized, three apertures are made on the patients body allowing the rods to enter. On the screen the surgeon observes the 3D image that the camera is transmitting through the patients body and which is handled by joysticks. The camera sees every movement of the robot and can be activated or deactivated any time from a button.  [11]  Every surgical arm is connected with a surgical tool and there is camera in the end of the main arm. One of the rods has a camera on it while the others have surgical tools able to cut, remove or stitch the tissues. The robotic system uses the same stitches and materials used in the traditional surgery. The surgeon can bend and rotate the arms like the human wrist guaranteeing increased percentage of success and important benefits much for the patient as for the surgeon. The Da Vinci robotic system includes a lenses system of three-dimensional view, which can make the surgical field as 15 times larger. Also, the camera allows the surgeon to go closer at the point of surgery than the human vision can and so the surgeon can perform the operation in a smaller scale than the conventional surgery allows. Zeus Robotic Surgical System  [12]   The robotic surgical system Zeus was the first system to be used in 1999 to perform the first full endoscopic robotic surgery bypass with a beating heart. It consists of three basic parts: An ergonomic control console the central control computer Robotic arms, which move with the movement of the surgeons hand. Zeus Robotic Surgical System http://joshuagough.blogspot.com/2007/07/surgical-robots-r2d2-to-rescue-visible.html The surgeon sits comfortably in the surgical seat and handles the tools that are placed inside the patient. After the surgeons movements have been digitalized they are filtered, thinned and transmitted to the computers control station, which transfers those movements through an electromechanical interface to the robotic arms and to the tools. In addition, Zeus robotic system enhances the optical field of the surgery by enlarging it and also with the help of AESOP robotic system the surgeons hands are free to handle the surgical tools. AESOP Robotic Surgical System  [13]   AESOP Robotic surgical system was developed by Computer Motion Inc. The period when it first came out, the surgeon could control the robotic arm remotely, manually or with a foot pedal but the most recent edition of AESOP 3000 is controlled with voice commands. AESOP Robotic surgical system http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/images_videos/iv_pages/27AESOP.html The robotic arm contains and moves a camera which is used in MIS surgeries for the observation of the surgical field. The camera is placed at the edge of the robotic arm and is inserted in the patients body through an aperture of about 2cm. The robotic system AESOP is the surgeons third arm. By using simple commands such as AESOP, move up or AESOP, move left, the surgeon tells the robot to move the camera as he wishes. Every surgeon records his voice and has a voice card that is inserted into the system whenever he operates, in order for the robot to identify the commands. Usually the system works well. The robot may sometimes not recognize the tone of the voice of the surgeon is different from the recorded voice. But there is a support system with which the surgeon can handle manually if something like this happens. SOCRATES Telecollaboration System  [14]   Socrates telecollaboration system was the first system to be approved (October 2001) for the new-founded category telesurgery robotic systems. It consists of advanced telecommunication equipment that is connected with medical devices and robotic systems. The system gives the surgeon who is at a remote location the opportunity to work with another surgeon who may be in an operating room across the globe. The system provides real time view of the surgery. In collaboration with Zeus robotic system, Socrates is the first fundamental step that marks the start of minimally invasive telesurgery. In 2001 Socrates robot along with Zeus robotic system performed the first translantic surgery. On September 7th, 2001 a group of surgeons in New York performed a cholecystectomy surgery on a patient located in France with the help of doctors that were there. The console and the robot were connected with fiber optic wires. This surgery was first tested on six pigs.That was the first complete telesurg ical process that was performed by surgeons 7000 away from their patient. The patient left the hospital 48 hours after the operation and returned to his social activities a week later. Advantages and Limitations  [15]   Advantages The advantages of robotic surgery are listed below: Tinniest incisions result in: Faster recovery Shorter hospital stay and reduced costs Less pain and fear Less blood loss Cosmetic benefit Reduced risk of infection or complications Less anesthesia required Better sterilization Robot immune to radiation and infections. No muscle tremor or fatigue. Elimination of need for personnel resulting in lower costs for the hospitals. Shorter return to everyday activities(1-2 weeks) Telesurgery: The ability to perform surgery from a different operating room. A 3D camera provides an enhanced view. Robots reach places that surgeons alone couldnt before. Can be designed for a wide range of scales. Surgeons dont get tired quickly as theyre seated and have less eye strain and they have the ability to control their natural flinching or nerves more effectively. Limitations However some of its disadvantages and concerns are: Robotic systems have highly complex software and it is very difficult to program and debug them. Costs including the robotic systems ($750.000-$1 million), the maintenance and the training of surgeons are considerably high. Since the need of personnel will be minimized, some surgeons will be left unemployed. Telesurgery is based by a large percentage on the transmission of information between two locations. The more the distance between the two locations the more the time delay is inserted. This increased the period between the action and the result and after a certain point this makes surgery impossible in real time. Synchronization during telesurgery is very critical and is not easy to attain. Telesurgery is highly dependent on the security and reliability of the network. Robotic Surgery in Greece  [16]   The first robotic navigation system used in a surgery procedure in Greece is the Vector Vision II system in Ygeia (see www.ygeia.gr) hospital in Athens. In February 2003 the robotic surgical system Aesop 1000 was used to perform the first laparoscopic operation in the General Hospital of Crete, Greece. Aesop 1000 is being improved in the labs of University of Crete and will be released as Aesop 2000 and Aesop 3000 and soon is expected to be used in more complex operations and surgeries. In addition, the school of medicine in the University of Athens offers advanced courses on robotic surgery. The course aims to teach basic robotic surgery skills such as instrument manipulation, camera control among others. This is done using the Da Vinci surgical system.  [17]   In November 8th,2006 the opening day of the Da Vinci robotic system took place in the Athens Medical Center Hospital. The president of the Hellenic Scientific Robotic Surgical Association Prof. K. Konstantinidis explained the fundamental principles of the Da Vinci robot to Greek ministers and the establishment of the Hellenic Scientific Society of Robotic Surgery. The first total hysterectomy in Greece was successfully carried out with the latest-generation Da Vinci Robotic Surgery System at the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Centre of Athens HYGEIA. the operation was broadcasted in real time during the daily conference held at the Hospital on Tuesday, July 1st 2008, titled Robotic Surgery in Gynaecology.  [18]   Survey analysis A survey was conducted during October and November 2009 in Athens about robotic surgery, in which 73 people answered (ages 14-50). The survey included a questionnaire and it was distributed by email. Robotic surgery in Greece is in its infancy so it is quite reasonable to see that 72% of the people asked knew nothing about robotic surgery. Social Concerns Safety Safety is the prime concern of patients and doctors. People today have trouble trusting robotic devices in general and in the case of their healthcare the issue of trust is intensified. First of all, there is always the possibility of errors happening as total safety is a fallacy. Robots are programmed by humans who in turn are not infallible and are prone to make mistakes. In the case of robotic surgery a fault could have serious health injuries or death. Thus, the probability of errors must be kept at a very low level and in the case of a malfunction the system must be programmed to shut down immediately. Afterwards, the surgeon will have to take over complete the operation manually. So, it is obvious that the presence of a human doctor is mandatory and critical. There are many things that can go wrong which experts must take under serious consideration. Some problems resulting in system failures can be flawed design of the system, malfunction of software and hardware  [19]  or misinterpretation and inadequate specification. In order to eliminate the possibility of errors, mechanics must undergo heavy testing and reasoning about infinite scenarios. Also surgeons must prepare the robotic system cautiously so as not to forget anything which can backfire. They also need to have contingency plans like converting the robotic surgery to open surgery.  [20]   The increased testing and reasoning is time-consuming and usually involves high costs. Even though safety is a big issue, 41% of the people asked would go through a robotic surgery. This can be considered a good percentage as 65% of the people asked believed that robotic surgery is safe and reliable. Reliability and knowledge Nowadays most people dont trust robots very easily. The reason for this is the lack of information and the fear that these robots/machines can harm them in a physical level or in a professional level. As it can be seen from the figure above 88% of the people asked have heard of robotic surgery but 56% of the people asked claimed to know very little about it. As it is stressed in a website about robotic surgery, and prostate cancer surgery in particular, most people worry about the side effects it could have on them such as sexual dysfunction and impotence.  [21]  Another concern was the fear of the robotic system and the probability of errors, but most people do a little research before resorting to robotic surgery. This way they minimize their worries and concerns. However, there still are people who despite the evidence dont trust robots with their health. Therefore, robotic surgery needs time to become known and trusted by the people. This percentage of 56% must be minimized and increase the percentage of knowledge. In the future, as robotic surgery will start being implemented into hospitals, there will be many surgeries done, successful or not, which will enhance robotic surgery by correcting the errors, the failures and any problem that may arise. This way, patients who had successful operations will spread the word and people will become more aware and acquainted with this new technological development. Elevating concerns, resolving problems Robotics in surgery is a great helping tool, which holds many benefits and advantages for the surgeons and the patients. However, since it is still at an early stage of development there are problems in need for resolutions. One great concern is the reliability and safety in delicate surgical procedures. We cannot deny that machines are made from humans, who are not infallible and thus tend to make mistakes. Whether the surgery is done by a plethora of surgeons or by a single surgeon and a robot there is definitely the possibility of error. As with every new technology, people need time to get familiar with it and to start trusting it. Thus robotic-aided surgery just needs time to advance and to become more well-known. People who go through robotic surgery procedures will spread the good news. The media will start making more coverage of the issue as they learn about more cases. As mentioned by many patients in the Da Vinci website, they were very pleased with the surgery and the recovery time which proved to be shorter than expected.  [22]   Furthermore, the training of surgeons may take a while but it does not compare having to do a 6-hour surgery above the patient, getting tired and stressed with a 4-hour surgery sitting in the robotic device some metres away from the patient. The surgeon will tire less and will finish the surgery in less time. As far as the costs are concerned, patients in the Da Vince website did not worry about the costs so much because they were dealings with their health. And most people will do anything for their well-being.  [23]   Future Robotic surgery has made quite a progress and development but it still has a long way to go. Many obstacles will be dealt with time and undoubtedly some new concerns may appear. Questions such as malpractice liability, credentialing, training requirements and license granting will have to be resolved in the future. Most people on the survey (49% to be exact) answered that robots could have negative implications on employment as robots will do most of the work that humans currently do and many of related jobs will be reduced. However, as mentioned in the advantages chapter, new fields are inserted into robotic surgery such as telemedicine, which shows that new needs for personnel emerge. Also it is quite interesting to note how the people asked are divided into three groups based on their answers concerning robotic surgeries in the future: There is a 64% of the people asked who have a positive outlook on robotic surgeries in the future and a 36% who are quite intimidated and afraid of this potential change. Part of this comes from the lack of information about robotic surgery and from the fact that it is still in an early stage. As far as robotic surgery is concerned, there is much to be done until it can reach its full potential. Even though, these robotic systems have enhanced dexterity significantly, they still need to advance the full potential in instrumentation or to integrate the full range of sensory input. Most people when hear about robotics, they think of automation. The possibility of automating some tasks is both exciting and controversial. Future systems might entail the ability for a surgeon to program the surgery and merely supervise as the robot performs most of the tasks. The possibilities for improvement and advancement are only limited by imagination and cost. Conclusion Robotic surgery may be at an early stage, but that does not mean that it has not demonstrated its potential and significance, particularly in areas previously inaccessible by traditional procedures. However, it still remains to be seen if robotic surgery will replace completely conventional instruments in less technically demanding procedures. Robotic technology will bring major changes in surgery by enhancing and expanding laparoscopic procedures, advancing surgical technology and thus bringing surgery into the digital age. Not to mention, it possesses the potential to expand surgical treatment beyond the limits of human ability. The benefits of robotic surgery outweigh the costs. Bibliography Online (World Wide Web) Sources Pearl Tesler, Universal Robots: The history and workings of robots, 10 October 2009 Wikipedia, Robotics,16 July 2009 History of robotic surgery, Overview of Major Surgical Robotic Systems and Companies,17 July 2009 William Harris, How Haptic Technology Works, 4 September 2009 http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/other-gadgets/haptic-technology.htm Youtube, Robotic surgery demonstration, July 24, 2007, 7 September 2009 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NZLpWrJGgk Youtube, Robotic Surgery, April 05, 2007,15 September 2009 Youtube, Robotic Heart Surgery, February 12, 2007, 19 September 2009 Youtube, Robotic Heart Surgery Allen Raczkowski, MD, February 03, 2009, 25 September 2009 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LezbxU5P1uc Robotic Surgery in Greece,22 April 2009,8 October 2009 http://roboticsurgery.gr Robotic Surgery, Simulation assisted training in Robotic Surgery,15 January 2010 Robotic Surgery ROBOTIC SURGERY IN TELEMEDICINE HYGEIA S.A.: The first total hysterectomy in Greece with the da Vinci  ® S Robotic System,1 July 2008,20 January 2010 http://www.kapetanakis-center.gr/www_eng/news/010708.pdf Robotic Surgery blog, Robotic reliability, 2 March 2007,17 January 2010 http://www.njurology.com/RoboticSurgeryBlog/robotic_surgery_basics/ Da Vinci Surgery, Patient Stories, 25 January 2010 http://www.davincistories.com/search-stories/search-stories-result.html?start=15condition=Prostate%20Cancer Works-research papers ΆÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ­Ãƒ Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÃŽÂ ¹Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦,ÃŽÂ ¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ ÃŽÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ ÃŽÂ £Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ Ã†â€™Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± (da Vinci, Ze ,Hermes). ÃŽÂ  Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ­Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡.( Despoina Xisaroglou ,Robotic Surgical Systems, Problems and perspectives (accessed July 23rd,2009) Caroline GL Cao Gary Rogers, Tufts University, Robotics in healthcare, (accessed June 12th ,2009) Sunitha M.V, Robotic surgery, seminar report, August 2008 (accessed July 10th, 2009) ÃŽâ€Å"ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ ΑΠ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡(Grinis Athanasios), ÃŽÂ ¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ · à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ® (robotic surgery) (accessed September 13th,2009)